Core Concepts in OCaml

Core Concepts in OCaml link

Data Types and Variables link

OCaml supports several basic data types:

• Integers: let a = 5
• Floating-point numbers: let b = 5.0
• Strings: let c = "Hello"
• Booleans: let d = true

Variable declaration in OCaml is immutable by default, which means once a value is assigned to a variable, it cannot be changed.

Control Structures link

OCaml includes several control structures for decision-making and looping:

• If-Else Statements:

    if x > 5 then
    "Greater"
  else
    "Smaller"
    

• Loops: While loops and for loops are used for iterative operations. However, functional programming encourages recursion over imperative loops.

Functions and Recursion link

Functions in OCaml are first-class citizens and can be passed around just like any other value. A simple function definition looks like this:

  let add a b = a + b;;
  

Recursion is a fundamental concept in functional programming. Here’s a simple example of a recursive function that calculates the factorial of a number:

  let rec factorial n =
  if n = 0 then 1 else n * factorial (n - 1);;
  

Code Example: Simple Calculator link

Here’s a basic calculator in OCaml performing addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division:

  let add a b = a + b;;
let subtract a b = a - b;;
let multiply a b = a * b;;
let divide a b = a / b;;
  

Usage:

  let sum = add 5 3;;
let difference = subtract 5 3;;
let product = multiply 5 3;;
let quotient = divide 5 3;;
  

This example demonstrates basic function definitions and arithmetic operations in OCaml.

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